A spring is a mechanical part that works by utilizing elasticity. Parts made from elastic materials deform under external forces, returning to their original state after the external force is removed. It is also referred to as a ‘spring.’ Typically, springs are made of spring steel. The types of springs are complex and diverse; they can be classified by shape into main types like helical springs, torsion springs, and leaf springs, etc.

So, what are the differences between compression springs, tension springs, and torsion springs? How can we distinguish them?

A compression spring (also known as a compression coil) is a helical spring that bears compressive loads. The cross-section of the material used for compression springs is mostly circular, but can also be rectangular or wound from multiple strands of steel. Generally, the springs exhibit a uniform pitch, and the shapes of compression springs include: cylindrical, conical, convex, concave, and a few non-circular forms. There is a certain gap between the coils of a compression spring, which allows it to compress and deform under external loads, storing elastic potential energy. The product range is wide and includes applications in electronics, motors, computers, information technology, automotive, bicycles, hardware tools, gifts, toys, and even the defense industry because of their design, principles, and relatively simple manufacturing control.

Tension springs can be directly used to suspend weights; they can also be arranged inverted with a sleeve supporting the load from above. Tension springs are used for exercising chest muscles; modern tension springs are typically dual-purpose and can also be used as grip strengtheners. Arm strengtheners are designed to work various muscle groups in the arms; there are many different exercise methods, and the two types of equipment are fundamentally different. Compression springs can also directly support weights; they can support a core rod with weights suspended from the lower end of the rod. For example, mattresses, sofas, and lighters utilize these characteristics of compression springs. Torsion springs utilize the principle of levers and generate significant mechanical energy through the twisting or rotating of flexible, ductile elastic materials. These springs can endure torsional deformation and their working parts can either tightly coil or be spaced apart, such as clips for clothing or small hairpins used in hair accessories.

Compression springs, torsion springs, and extension springs have distinctly different shapes and forms, and there is no interchangeability in their installation. Thus, one can easily determine which type of spring to use based on what is being installed.